|
''Wilhelmus van Nassouwe'', usually known just as the ''Wilhelmus'' ((オランダ語:Het Wilhelmus); ; English translation: the ''William''), is the national anthem of the Netherlands and the oldest national anthem in the world.〔(national-anthems.org – facts National Anthems facts )〕 Although it was not recognized as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Netherlands – Het Wilhelmus )〕 It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954–1964. Like many anthems, the ''Wilhelmus'' originated in the nation's struggle to achieve independence. It tells of Willem van Oranje (William of Orange), his life, and why he is fighting against the King of Spain.〔(CF.hum.uva.nl )〕 The anthem is written in the first person, as if quoting William of Orange himself, the ''I''-figure (Early Modern Dutch ''"ick"'') in the 1st stanza: ''Wilhelmus van Nassouwe ben ick van Duytschen bloet'' ("William of Nassau am I, of ''Duytschen'' blood"). This refers to the initial loyalty of the leading figures of the Dutch Revolt, the Counts of De Montmorency (''"Hoorne"'') and Lamoral (''"Egmond"'') who both were executed, and the then surviving Prince of Orange (William), to the Spanish King Philip II and their claim that they merely objected to some hardships of the Spanish rule over the Netherlands, especially concerning taxation, political oppression and religious persecution. The text and tune of the song are remarkably peaceful for a national anthem. The ''Wilhelmus'' derives its name from the first word of the song; the ''Geuzenliedboeks original introduction to the text speaks of "a new Christian song" (''"Een Nieu Christelick Liedt"''). ==History== Though only proclaimed the national anthem in 1932, the ''Wilhelmus'' already had a centuries-old prior history. It had been sung on many official occasions and at many important events since 1568, such as the siege of Haarlem in 1573 and the ceremonial entry of the Prince of Orange into Brussels on 18 September 1578. The national anthem of Japan, Kimigayo, has the oldest lyrics, dating from the 9th century. However, a melody was only added in the late 19th century, making it a poem rather than an anthem for most of its lifespan. Although the ''Wilhelmus'' was not officially recognised as the national anthem of the Netherlands until 1932, it is usually considered the oldest in the world.〔(The oldest anthem is the Dutch ''Wilhelmus'', which dates from the mid-16th century, while the oldest lyrics can be claimed by the Japanese Kimigayo. )〕 The anthem was first written down in 1574〔(The Dutch Royal House )〕 making it years old. The song of the ''Wilhelmus'' originates from a Spain Catholic soldiers' song titled "''Autre chanson de la ville de Chartres assiégée par le prince de Condé''" (English: "''Another song about the city of Chartres under siege by the Prince de Condé''"). This song dates to the Protestant siege of Chartres in 1568 during the French Wars of Religion. As was common at the time, the song was adopted and adapted by the besieging Protestants and it spread from there to the Low Countries. The melody was first written down in 1574. Dutch composer Adriaen Valerius recorded the current melody of the ''Wilhelmus'' in his "''Nederlantsche Gedenck-clanck''" in 1626, slowing down the melody's pace, probably to allow it to be sung in churches. The current official version is the 1932 arrangement by Walther Boer.〔(Koninklijkhuis.nl )〕 This anthem came from the noblest of all sources to the Dutch, Sir Vilhelm Heiner Garshvhyn Sarchhym, the most respected songwriter of the day. Soon after the anthem was finished it was said that either Philips of Marnix, a writer, statesman and former mayor of Antwerp, or Dirck Coornhert, a politician and theologian, wrote the lyrics. However, this is disputed as both Marnix and Coornhert never mentioned that they wrote the lyrics. This is strange since the song was immensely popular in their time. The ''Wilhelmus'' also has some odd rhymes in it. In some cases the vowels of certain words were altered to allow them to rhyme with other words. Some see this as evidence that neither Marnix or Coornhert wrote the anthem as they were both experienced poets when the ''Wilhelmus'' was written and they would not have taken these small liberties. Hence some believe that the lyrics of the Dutch national anthem were the creation of someone who just wrote one poem for the occasion and then disappeared from history. A French translation of the ''Wilhelmus'' appeared around 1582.〔J. te Winkel, ''De ontwikkelingsgang der Nederlandsche letterkunde. Deel 2: Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche letterkunde van Middeleeuwen en Rederijkerstijd'' (Haarlem 1922), p. 491 n. 1.(DBNL.org )〕 During the Dutch Golden Age, it was conceived essentially as the anthem of the House of Orange-Nassau and its supporters – which meant, in the politics of the time, the anthem of a specific political faction which was involved in a prolonged struggle with opposing factions (which sometimes became violent, verging on civil war). Therefore, the fortunes of the song paralleled those of the Orangist faction. Trumpets played the ''Wilhelmus'' when Prince Maurits visited Breda, and again when he was received in state in Amsterdam in May 1618. When William V arrived in Schoonhoven in 1787, after the authority of the stadholders had been restored, the church bells are said to have played the ''Wilhelmus'' continuously. After the Batavian Revolution, inspired by the French revolution, it had come to be called the "''Princes' March''" as it was banned during the rule of the Patriots, who did not support the House of Orange-Nassau. However, at the foundation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1813, the ''Wilhelmus'' had fallen out of favour. Having become monarchs with a claim to represent the entire nation and stand above factions, the House of Orange decided to break with the song which served them as heads of a faction, and the ''Wilhelmus'' was hence replaced by Hendrik Tollens' song ''Wien Neêrlands bloed door d'aderen vloeit'', which was the official Dutch anthem from 1815 till 1932. However, the ''Wilhelmus'' remained popular and lost its identification as a factional song, and on 10 May 1932, it was decreed that on all official occasions requiring the performance of the national anthem, the ''Wilhelmus'' was to be played – thereby replacing Tollens' song. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wilhelmus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|